2016 Definitive 1-minute Apia (API) data is continuous 1-second data recorded by New Zealand's Geomagnetic Observatory Apia in 2016 that was processed at 1-minute sampling, cleaned (spikes removed) and baseline (absolute values) corrected. The data was submitted to INTERMAGNET in July 2017 and passed the INTERMAGNET reviewing process. DOI https://doi.org/10.21420/BWW7-PN94 Cite as: Petersen, T., GNS Science, Samoa Meteorology Division, & USGS. (2017). 2016 Definitive 1-minute Apia (API) data. GNS Science, INTERMAGNET. https://doi.org/10.21420/BWW7-PN94

Continuous data recorded by New Zealand's Geomagnetic Observatories EYR, SBA & API, processed at 1-minute and 1-second sampling, and submitted to INTERMAGNET in a standardized file format (IAGA-2002) every hour. The data are preliminary as they are submitted without being cleaned (spikes removed) and baseline (absolute values) corrected. The preliminary 1-minute data are more timely and potentially more complete than the definitive 1-minute data, whereas the 1-minute definitive data goes through a data quality reviewing process with data recorded in one year not being published until the following year. There are no 1-second definitive data being produced. The data can be downloaded via a free web access provided by INTERMAGNET at http://www.intermagnet.org/data-donnee/download-eng.php (Data Type: ‘provisional’). 1-minute data (Sample Rate: ‘minute’): EYR available since 1994, SBA since 1996, and API since 1999. 1-second data (Sample Rate: ‘second’): EYR data available since 2012, SBA since 2012, and API since 2012.

The GNS Science Photo Library, now named the Visual Media Library (VML), contains over 100,000 stock images featuring aerial views, landscapes, geological features and scientific research including volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and landforms. Not all of the photographs are available through the VML so contact us if you have any further queries. High resolution images are available for purchase for publications, displays and website usage. Low resolution images are free of copyright charges for study or non-commercial reference purposes. Fees do not apply for GNS Science related usage but do apply to external clientele. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21420/YMVY-QY38 Cite as: GNS Science. (2011). GNS Science Visual Media Library. GNS Science. https://doi.org/10.21420/YMVY-QY38

The Rafter Radiocarbon Databases and Archive contain radiocarbon submission, treatment and measurement data spanning 70 years. The Rafter Radiocarbon Lab manages the digital databases, paper records and physical remains of submitted materials. All ~60,000 results reported by our laboratory since 1951 are digitised and available on request. Most gas counting results were reported prior to the implementation of the current radiocarbon reporting conventions and therefore we strongly recommend that users of our gas counting results contact us to obtain recalculated results that follow the current reporting conventions. For early samples, details of sample provenance and preparation are archived as paper records and access to these may incur a charge. AMS results can usually only be provided with permission of the original submitter. Full details are available digitally with permission. Contact radiocarbon@gns.cri.nz for data access.

We have developed a 2-D/3-D arbitrary lagrangian-eulerian (ALE) finite-element code, SULEC, based on known techniques from literature. SULEC is successful in tackling many of the problems faced by numerical models of lithosphere and mantle processes, such as the combination of viscous, elastic, and plastic rheologies, the presence of a free surface, the contrast in viscosity between lithosphere and the underlying asthenosphere, and the occurrence of large deformations including viscous flow and offset on shear zones. The aim of our presentation is (1) to describe SULEC, and (2) to present a set of analytical and numerical benchmarks that we use to continuously test our code. SULEC solves the incompressible momentum equation coupled with the energy equation. It uses a structured mesh that is built of quadrilateral or brick elements that can vary in size in all dimensions, allowing to achieve high resolutions where required. The elements are either linear in velocity with constant pressure, or quadratic in velocity with linear pressure. An accurate pressure field is obtained through an iterative penalty (Uzawa) formulation. Material properties are carried on tracer particles that are advected through the Eulerian mesh. Shear elasticity is implemented following the approach of Moresi et al. [J. Comp. Phys. 184, 2003], brittle materials deform following a Drucker-Prager criterion, and viscous flow is by temperature- and pressure-dependent power-law creep. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21420/8Z3S-ZZ03 Cite model as: GNS Science. (2012). SULEC geodynamic finite-element code. GNS Science. https://doi.org/10.21420/8Z3S-ZZ03

Continuous data recorded by New Zealand's Geomagnetic Observatories SBA processed at 1-minute sampling and baseline (absolute values) corrected. The data is being submitted to INTERMAGNET annually (submitted by July 1st for the previous year’s data Jan 1 to 31 Dec). SBA data since 1-Jan-1996 Before the definitive data for each year is being published via INTERMAGNET an international multi-step reviewing process is being applied to ensure international standards are being met. DOI https://doi.org/10.21420/CC3M-2D40 Cite as: GNS Science. (1996). Definitive 1-minute Scott Base (SBA ) data [Data set]. GNS Science, INTERMAGNET. https://doi.org/10.21420/CC3M-2D40

2019 Definitive 1-minute Apia (API) data is continuous 1-second data recorded by New Zealand's Geomagnetic Observatory Apia in 2019 that was processed at 1-minute sampling, cleaned (spikes removed) and baseline (absolute values) corrected. The data was submitted to INTERMAGNET in July 2020 and passed the INTERMAGNET reviewing process. DOI https://doi.org/10.21420/4FJ2-N230 Cite as: Petersen, T., GNS Science, Samoa Meteorology Division, & USGS. (2020). 2019 Definitive 1-minute Apia (API) data. GNS Science, INTERMAGNET. https://doi.org/10.21420/4FJ2-N230

2020 Definitive 1-minute Eyrewell (EYR) data is continuous 1-second data recorded by New Zealand's Geomagnetic Observatories EYR in 2020 that was processed at 1-minute sampling, cleaned (spikes removed) and baseline (absolute values) corrected. The data was submitted to INTERMAGNET in July 2021 and passed the INTERMAGNET reviewing process. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21420/F459-S796 Cite data as: Thornton, M., Plank, G., & Plank, J. (2021). 2020 Definitive 1-minute Eyrewell (EYR) data [Dataset]. GNS Science, INTERMAGNET. https://doi.org/10.21420/F459-S796

Continuous data recorded by New Zealand's Geomagnetic Observatories EYR, SBA & API processed at 1-minute sampling and baseline (absolute values) corrected. The data for each observatories is being submitted to INTERMAGNET annually (submitted by July 1st for the previous year’s data Jan 1 to 31 Dec). EYR data since 1-Jan-1994 SBA data since 1-Jan-1996 API data since 1-Jan-1999 Before the definitive data for each year is being published via INTERMAGNET an international multi-step reviewing process is being applied to ensure international standards are being met.

2015 Definitive 1-minute Scott Base (SBA) data is continuous 1-second data recorded by New Zealand's Geomagnetic Observatories SBA in 2015 that was processed at 1-minute sampling, cleaned (spikes removed) and baseline (absolute values) corrected. The data was submitted to INTERMAGNET in July 2016 and passed the INTERMAGNET reviewing process. DOI https://doi.org/10.21420/FN09-J989 Cite as: Petersen, T., & GNS Science. (2016). 2015 Definitive 1-minute Scott Base (SBA) data [Data set]. INTERMAGNET. https://doi.org/10.21420/FN09-J989