2014 Definitive 1-minute Apia (API) data is continuous 1-second data recorded by New Zealand's Geomagnetic Observatory Apia in 2014 that was processed at 1-minute sampling, cleaned (spikes removed) and baseline (absolute values) corrected. The data was submitted to INTERMAGNET in July 2015 and passed the INTERMAGNET reviewing process. DOI https://doi.org/10.21420/V2NJ-6T19 Cite as: Petersen, T., GNS Science, Samoa Meteorology Division, & USGS. (2015). 2014 Definitive 1-minute Apia (API) data. GNS Science, INTERMAGNET. https://doi.org/10.21420/V2NJ-6T19

2017 Definitive 1-minute Apia (API) data is continuous 1-second data recorded by New Zealand's Geomagnetic Observatory Apia in 2017 that was processed at 1-minute sampling, cleaned (spikes removed) and baseline (absolute values) corrected. The data was submitted to INTERMAGNET in July 2018 and passed the INTERMAGNET reviewing process. DOI https://doi.org/10.21420/Y89S-Y383 Cite as: Petersen, T., GNS Science, Samoa Meteorology Division, & USGS. (2018). 2017 Definitive 1-minute Apia (API) data. GNS Science, INTERMAGNET. https://doi.org/10.21420/Y89S-Y383

2016 Definitive 1-minute Apia (API) data is continuous 1-second data recorded by New Zealand's Geomagnetic Observatory Apia in 2016 that was processed at 1-minute sampling, cleaned (spikes removed) and baseline (absolute values) corrected. The data was submitted to INTERMAGNET in July 2017 and passed the INTERMAGNET reviewing process. DOI https://doi.org/10.21420/BWW7-PN94 Cite as: Petersen, T., GNS Science, Samoa Meteorology Division, & USGS. (2017). 2016 Definitive 1-minute Apia (API) data. GNS Science, INTERMAGNET. https://doi.org/10.21420/BWW7-PN94

The New Zealand Fossil Record File (FRF) is one of the “Nationally Significant” collections and databases recognised by the New Zealand government. It comprises a comprehensive archive of fossil collections made from New Zealand and surrounding areas, including Antarctica and New Caledonia, recording detailed locality information, stratigraphic data, age and paleoenvironmental interpretations, and, for many records, taxonomic lists of the fossils collected. The New Zealand Fossil Record File is jointly managed by the Geoscience Society of New Zealand and GNS Science. The FRF has been digitised (as the Fossil Record Electronic Database, or “FRED”) and is available online from the GNS Science web site. Access is free, although user registration is required. DOI:https://doi.org/10.21420/JQQB-NK89 Cite as: GNS Science & Geoscience Society of New Zealand. (2003). New Zealand Fossil Record File [Data set]. GNS Science. https://doi.org/10.21420/JQQB-NK89

Continuous data recorded by New Zealand's Geomagnetic Observatories EYR processed at 1-minute sampling and baseline (absolute values) corrected. The data is being submitted to INTERMAGNET annually (submitted by July 1st for the previous year’s data Jan 1 to 31 Dec). EYR data since 1-Jan-1994 Before the definitive data for each year is being published via INTERMAGNET an international multi-step reviewing process is being applied to ensure international standards are being met. DOI https://doi.org/10.21420/VTW2-AE75 Cite as: GNS Science. (1994). Definitive 1-minute Eyrewell (EYR) data [Data set]. GNS Science, INTERMAGNET. https://doi.org/10.21420/VTW2-AE75

Preliminary 1-second and 1-minute Eyrewell (EYR) data are submitted to INTERMAGNET in a standardized file format (IAGA-2002) every hour. The data can be downloaded via a free web access provided by INTERMAGNET at http://www.intermagnet.org/data-donnee/download-eng.php (Data Type: ‘provisional’). 1-minute (Sample Rate: ‘minute’) ‘provisional’ EYR data are available since 1994. 1-second data (Sample Rate: ‘second’) ‘provisional’ EYR data are available since 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21420/APJY-5050 Cite data as: GNS Science. (2022). Preliminary 1-second and 1-minute data from Eyrewell (EYR) [Data set]. INTERMAGNET. https://doi.org/10.21420/APJY-5050

We have developed a 2-D/3-D arbitrary lagrangian-eulerian (ALE) finite-element code, SULEC, based on known techniques from literature. SULEC is successful in tackling many of the problems faced by numerical models of lithosphere and mantle processes, such as the combination of viscous, elastic, and plastic rheologies, the presence of a free surface, the contrast in viscosity between lithosphere and the underlying asthenosphere, and the occurrence of large deformations including viscous flow and offset on shear zones. The aim of our presentation is (1) to describe SULEC, and (2) to present a set of analytical and numerical benchmarks that we use to continuously test our code. SULEC solves the incompressible momentum equation coupled with the energy equation. It uses a structured mesh that is built of quadrilateral or brick elements that can vary in size in all dimensions, allowing to achieve high resolutions where required. The elements are either linear in velocity with constant pressure, or quadratic in velocity with linear pressure. An accurate pressure field is obtained through an iterative penalty (Uzawa) formulation. Material properties are carried on tracer particles that are advected through the Eulerian mesh. Shear elasticity is implemented following the approach of Moresi et al. [J. Comp. Phys. 184, 2003], brittle materials deform following a Drucker-Prager criterion, and viscous flow is by temperature- and pressure-dependent power-law creep. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21420/8Z3S-ZZ03 Cite model as: GNS Science. (2012). SULEC geodynamic finite-element code. GNS Science. https://doi.org/10.21420/8Z3S-ZZ03

2018 Definitive 1-minute Scott Base (SBA) data is continuous 1-second data recorded by New Zealand's Geomagnetic Observatories SBA in 2018 that was processed at 1-minute sampling, cleaned (spikes removed) and baseline (absolute values) corrected. The data was submitted to INTERMAGNET in July 2019 and passed the INTERMAGNET reviewing process. DOI https://doi.org/10.21420/039F-XE27 Cite as: Petersen, T., & GNS Science. (2019). 2018 Definitive 1-minute Scott Base (SBA) data [Data set]. INTERMAGNET. https://doi.org/10.21420/039F-XE27

2014 Definitive 1-minute Scott Base (SBA) data is continuous 1-second data recorded by New Zealand's Geomagnetic Observatories SBA in 2014 that was processed at 1-minute sampling, cleaned (spikes removed) and baseline (absolute values) corrected. The data was submitted to INTERMAGNET in July 2015 and passed the INTERMAGNET reviewing process. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21420/7DM8-ZM49 Cite as: Petersen, T., & GNS Science. (2015). 2014 Definitive 1-minute Scott Base (SBA) data [Data set]. INTERMAGNET. https://doi.org/10.21420/7DM8-ZM49

The GNS Science Photo Library, now named the Visual Media Library (VML), contains over 100,000 stock images featuring aerial views, landscapes, geological features and scientific research including volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and landforms. Not all of the photographs are available through the VML so contact us if you have any further queries. High resolution images are available for purchase for publications, displays and website usage. Low resolution images are free of copyright charges for study or non-commercial reference purposes. Fees do not apply for GNS Science related usage but do apply to external clientele. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21420/YMVY-QY38 Cite as: GNS Science. (2011). GNS Science Visual Media Library. GNS Science. https://doi.org/10.21420/YMVY-QY38