EYR K-index values
K-index values calculated from Amberley (AML) and Eyrewell Geomagnetic Observatory (EYR) data.
The K-index is a measure of disturbances in the Earth’s magnetic field which was introduced by Bartels et al. (1939), that is recognised as a good indication of the strength of magnetic storm activity caused by the sun. It is based on the maximum fluctuations of horizontal components recorded in each 3-hour interval, so there are eight values each day. The scale is from 0 to 9, in an approximately logarithmic fashion, with the nT value required for the maximum value of 9 being a parameter of the observatory.
Originally the fluctuations were measured on paper chart records, measuring short-term variations by subtracting the effects of the slower daily variations, but with digital records, algorithms are used to calculate only the effects of short-term variations. At Eyrewell, the manual method was used up until 1995, while from 1996 onwards, an algorithm developed by Hattingh et al (1989) at the Hermanus Magnetic Observatory was used (Tomlinson, 1995). The Hemanus algorithm is available from the website http://isgi.unistra.fr/softwares.php.
Available data:
Amberley (AML) 1951 – 1977
Eyrewell (EYR) 1978 – present
1932 – 1977 planetary Kp values ( https://www.gfz-potsdam.de/en/kp-index/ ) were produced based on data from the Amberley observatory as a representative for the Southern Hemisphere. Toolangi only joined in 1972 (and was replaced by Canberra in 1981).
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21420/PJ1Y-6M90
Cite as: GNS Science, & Hurst , T. (2021). EYR k-index values [Data set]. GNS Science. https://doi.org/10.21420/PJ1Y-6M90
Simple
- Date (Creation)
- 1951-01-01
- Status
- On going
- Point of contact
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Organisation name Individual name Electronic mail address Role GNS Science
Point of contact
- Maintenance and update frequency
- Continual
- Keywords
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Geomagnetism
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Magnetic fields
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Magnetic anomalies
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Amberley Observatory
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Apia Observatory
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Eyrewell Magnetic Observatory
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New Zealand
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Samoa
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Scott Base
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Antarctica
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Magnetic recording
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Christchurch Magnetic Observatory
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Temporal variation
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- Use constraints
- Copyright
- Other constraints
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The data is made available through INTERMAGNET - the global network of observatories, monitoring the Earth's magnetic field. The data is provided for your own internal use only; it is not for commercial use, sale or distribution to third parties without the written permission of GNS Science. Publications making use of the data should include an acknowledgment statement as specified by INTERMAGNET.
GNS Science has made all reasonable endeavours to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the datasets but gives no warranties and makes no representations (express or implied) as to its accuracy, completeness or fitness for purpose, or title. GNS Science accepts no liability on account of errors in any of the information and each user must rely on its own inquiries. GNS Science excludes liability for any loss, damage or expense, direct or indirect and however caused, whether through negligence or otherwise resulting from any person, company or organisation's use of, or reliance on, these data. In no circumstances will GNS Science be liable for consequential, indirect, special or punitive damages. Use of the product will be deemed to be acceptance of these terms.
- Classification
- Unclassified
- Language
- English
- Topic category
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- Geoscientific information
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- Begin date
- 1902-01-01
- Distribution format
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Name Version IAGA2002
2002
- Distributor contact
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Organisation name Individual name Electronic mail address Role GNS Science
Point of contact
- OnLine resource
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Protocol Linkage Name WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
https://www.gns.cri.nz/Home/Our-Science/Land-and-Marine-Geoscience/Earth-s-Magnetic-Field/New-Zealand-Geomagnetic-Database New Zealand Geomagnetic Database
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https://doi.org/10.1029/TE044i004p00411 Bartels, J Heck N. H and Johnston H. F. 1939 The three‐hour‐range index measuring geomagnetic activity. Journal of Geophysical Research 44: 411-454. https://doi.org/10.1029/TE044i004p004 11
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https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1989.tb02038.x Hattingh, M., Loubser, L. and Nagtegaal, D. 1989 Computer K-index estimation by a new linear-phase, robust, non-linear smoothing method. Geophysical Journal International 99: 533–547. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1989.tb02038.x
- OnLine resource
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Protocol Linkage Name WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
https://intermagnet.github.io/ INTERMAGNET
- Hierarchy level
- Dataset
- Statement
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Tomlinson, L.A. 1995 A comparison of automated and hand-scaled K-indices at Eyrewell Geomagnetic Observatory. Lower Hutt: Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences. Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences science report 95/40. 19 p.
There was a succession of 3 observatories in or near Christchurch: the first was established in the Botanic Gardens (1901-1958; paper records), the second at Amberley (1916-1977; paper records), and the third at Eyrewell (1978-1995; paper records). In 1994 digital equipment was installed at Eyrewell allowing it to become an INTERMAGNET observatory.
Magnetic measurements began at Scott Base for the International Geophysical Year in 1957. GNS has paper records from 1957-1994. Scott Base became an INTERMAGNET observatory in 1996.
Magnetic measurements in Apia began in 1902. GNS has paper records from 1907-1994. In 1998 the installation of a digital system allowed Apia to become an INTERMAGNET observatory.
Real-time data is now sent to INTERMAGNET Geomagnetic Information Nodes within 72 hours of recording.
Metadata
- File identifier
- d9ff1898-f1ea-4e69-a533-82e730708264 XML
- Metadata language
- English
- Character set
- UTF8
- Hierarchy level
- Dataset
- Hierarchy level name
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Dataset
- Date stamp
- 2024-06-20T01:52:10.019707Z
- Metadata standard name
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ISO 19115:2003/19139
- Metadata standard version
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1.0
- Metadata author
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Organisation name Individual name Electronic mail address Role GNS Science
Point of contact
Overviews
Spatial extent
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