The MOT53-NZGD2000 grid enables the conversion of normal-orthometric heights from the Moturiki 1953 local vertical datum directly to New Zealand Geodetic Datum 2000 (NZGD2000) ellipsoidal heights. MOT53-NZGD2000 is published on a one arc-minute grid (approximately 1.8 kilometres) extending over the benchmarks that nominally define the extent of the Moturiki 1953 vertical datum (174.5° E to 178.26° E, 36.5° S to 40.7° S). The conversion value is represented by the attribute “delta”, in metres. This grid is a combination of New Zealand Quasigeoid 2016 [NZGeoid2016](https://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/3418) and the [MOT53-NZVD2016](https://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/3434) height conversion grid. Where NZGeoid2016 is the reference surface for the New Zealand Vertical Datum 2016 (NZVD2016), while the MOT53-NZVD2016 grid models the difference between the Moturiki 1953 vertical datum and NZVD2016 using the LINZ GPS-levelling marks. More information on converting heights between vertical datums can be found [on the LINZ website](http://www.linz.govt.nz/data/geodetic-services/coordinate-conversion/converting-between-nzvd2016-nzgd2000-and-local-vertical-datums).

The Gisborne 1926 to NZVD2016 Conversion Raster provides users with a two arc-minute (approximately 3.6 kilometres) raster image of the conversion of normal-orthometric heights from the Gisborne 1926 local vertical datum to the New Zealand Vertical Datum 2016 (NZVD2016). The conversion value is represented by the attribute “O”, in metres. This conversion and NZVD2016 are formally defined in the LINZ standard [LINZS25009](http://www.linz.govt.nz/regulatory/25009). The height conversion grid models the difference between the Gisborne 1926 vertical datum and NZVD2016 using the LINZ GPS-levelling marks. From the GPS-levelling marks the expected accuracy is better than 2 centimetres (95% Confidence interval). More information on converting heights between vertical datums can be found [on the LINZ website](http://www.linz.govt.nz/data/geodetic-services/coordinate-conversion/converting-between-nzvd2016-nzgd2000-and-local-vertical-datums).

The Stewart Island 1977 to NZVD2016 Conversion Raster provides users with a two arc-minute (approximately 3.6 kilometres) raster image of the conversion of normal-orthometric heights from the Stewart Island 1977 local vertical datum to the New Zealand Vertical Datum 2016 (NZVD2016). The conversion value is represented by the attribute “O”, in metres. This conversion and NZVD2016 are formally defined in the LINZ standard [LINZS25009](http://www.linz.govt.nz/regulatory/25009). The height conversion grid models the difference between the Stewart Island 1977 vertical datum and NZVD2016 using the LINZ GPS-levelling marks. From the GPS-levelling marks the expected accuracy is better than 2 centimetres (95% Confidence interval). More information on converting heights between vertical datums can be found [on the LINZ website](http://www.linz.govt.nz/data/geodetic-services/coordinate-conversion/converting-between-nzvd2016-nzgd2000-and-local-vertical-datums).

The Dunedin-Bluff 1960 to NZVD2016 Conversion Raster provides users with a two arc-minute (approximately 3.6 kilometres) raster image of the conversion of normal-orthometric heights from the Dunedin-Bluff 1960 local vertical datum to the New Zealand Vertical Datum 2016 (NZVD2016). The conversion value is represented by the attribute “O”, in metres. This conversion and NZVD2016 are formally defined in the LINZ standard [LINZS25009](http://www.linz.govt.nz/regulatory/25009). The height conversion grid models the difference between the Dunedin-Bluff 1960 vertical datum and NZVD2016 using the LINZ GPS-levelling marks. From the GPS-levelling marks the expected accuracy is better than 2 centimetres (95% Confidence interval). More information on converting heights between vertical datums can be found [on the LINZ website](http://www.linz.govt.nz/data/geodetic-services/coordinate-conversion/converting-between-nzvd2016-nzgd2000-and-local-vertical-datums).

The Napier 1962 to NZVD2016 Conversion Raster provides users with a two arc-minute (approximately 3.6 kilometres) raster image of the conversion of normal-orthometric heights from the Napier 1962 local vertical datum to the New Zealand Vertical Datum 2016 (NZVD2016). The conversion value is represented by the attribute “O”, in metres. This conversion and NZVD2016 are formally defined in the LINZ standard [LINZS25009](http://www.linz.govt.nz/regulatory/25009). The height conversion grid models the difference between the Napier 1962 vertical datum and NZVD2016 using the LINZ GPS-levelling marks. From the GPS-levelling marks the expected accuracy is better than 2 centimetres (95% Confidence interval). More information on converting heights between vertical datums can be found [on the LINZ website](http://www.linz.govt.nz/data/geodetic-services/coordinate-conversion/converting-between-nzvd2016-nzgd2000-and-local-vertical-datums).

The deformation model associated with the NZGD2000 datum was updated, nominally at 1 August 2013. The actual update of LINZ data took place on 14-15 December 2013. This update involved reverse patches, which means that the "reference coordinates" of features were updated. The main updates relate to the Christchurch earthquakes. The patch also updated coordinates affected by other South Island earthquakes since 2000. These updates have been incorporated into Landonline and resulted in spatial updates to all features in the affected areas. This data set contains contours indicating the extent and magnitude of the coordinate changes to assist in assessing the impact of this update on client data sets. This dataset is also available as a [polyline](http://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/1684-nzgd2000-deformation-model-version-2013-08-01-reverse-patch-coordinate-shifts-contours/). For more information see [here](http://www.landonline.govt.nz/landonline-system-updates/south-island-coordinate-update)

The Nelson 1955 to NZVD2016 Conversion Raster provides users with a two arc-minute (approximately 3.6 kilometres) raster image of the conversion of normal-orthometric heights from the Nelson 1955 local vertical datum to the New Zealand Vertical Datum 2016 (NZVD2016). The conversion value is represented by the attribute “O”, in metres. This conversion and NZVD2016 are formally defined in the LINZ standard [LINZS25009](http://www.linz.govt.nz/regulatory/25009). The height conversion grid models the difference between the Nelson 1955 vertical datum and NZVD2016 using the LINZ GPS-levelling marks. From the GPS-levelling marks the expected accuracy is better than 2 centimetres (95% Confidence interval). More information on converting heights between vertical datums can be found [on the LINZ website](http://www.linz.govt.nz/data/geodetic-services/coordinate-conversion/converting-between-nzvd2016-nzgd2000-and-local-vertical-datums).

New Zealand Quasigeoid 2016 Raster, provides users with a one arc-minute gridded (approximately 1.8 kilometres) raster image of the New Zealand Quasigeoid 2016 (NZGeoid2016). The relationship between the GRS80 ellipsoid and the New Zealand Vertical Datum 2016 (NZVD2016) is modelled by [NZGeoid2016] and is represented by the attribute “N”, in metres.(http://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/3418). NZVD2016 is formally defined in the LINZ standard [LINZS25009](http://www.linz.govt.nz/regulatory/25009). **Users may also be interested in transforming heights to any of the 13 historic local vertical datums used in New Zealand using the appropriate datum relationship grid displayed in the [NZ Height Conversion Index](http://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/3419).** More information on these transformations is available [on the LINZ website](http://www.linz.govt.nz/data/geodetic-services/coordinate-conversion/converting-between-nzvd2016-nzgd2000-and-local-vertical-datums).

This layer has been provided to identify the coverage of digitised and released historic aerial photos for Mainland NZ flown on behalf of the Crown between 1936 and 2005. The layer shows the extents of the aerial surveys released by LINZ under open license. The [NZ Aerial Photo Footprints, Mainland NZ, (1936-2005) polygons](https://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/1002-nz-aerial-photo-footprints-mainland-nz-1936-2005-polygons/) layer shows the extent of each photograph in the survey and provide metadata for the individual photos. See: [https://www.flickr.com/photos/135346658@N08/albums](https://www.flickr.com/photos/135346658@N08/albums) for access to the photos. **The photos are not downloadable from the LINZ Data Service.** Please note that the process to make the scanned photos openly available is still under development, and the distribution mechanism may change. These first ten surveys are made available to showcase the content of the archive and what users can expect access to. Once we have established the long-term distribution mechanism LINZ’s goal is to periodically add surveys to this layer as they become available. We expect this distribution mechanism will be established near the end of 2015 and the next release of surveys will occur at that time. See: [http://www.linz.govt.nz/about-linz/what-were-doing/projects/crown-historic-aerial-photo-archive-scanning-project](http://www.linz.govt.nz/about-linz/what-were-doing/projects/crown-historic-aerial-photo-archive-scanning-project) for information about the Crown historic aerial photo archive digitisation project. The original data used to create this layer was compiled prior to 2000 and it is possible that some errors exist in the data fields. If you are aware of any inaccuracies, please contact LINZ: info@linz.govt.nz or +64 4 4600110.

This layer details the movement of survey marks due to the Canterbury Earthquake Sequence (CES). The movements include the impact of 5 major earthquakes on 4 September 2010, 22 February 2011, 13 June 2011, 23 December 2011 and 14 February 2016. Note that these movements apply only at the survey mark. Nearby land may have moved differently, especially in areas impacted by substantial shallow ground movement. For further earthquake information, see **[the Canterbury earthquake information](http://www.linz.govt.nz/land/surveying/canterbury-earthquakes )** on the LINZ website. **Scope** Movements do not include the regular tectonic movement (not related to earthquakes) of approximately 5cm per year. As well as Christchurch, the data covers Lyttelton, Spencerville, Kaiapoi, Pines Beach, Woodend, Pegasus and Waikuku Beach. **Mark Movement Calculations** Observed mark movements have been calculated from geodetic and cadastral survey data collected at the same physical survey mark before and after the earthquakes. Various filters have been applied to ensure as far as practicable that the movements reflect real-world earthquake-related movements of marks. For example, only non-boundary marks that have been directly measured (rather than adopted) are included. Modelled mark movements have been calculated using models of the tectonic-scale movements resulting from each earthquake, supplied by GNS Science, supplemented with more detailed modelling carried out by LINZ. These models typically represent deep-seated movement only. They do not include shallow movement, such as that resulting from liquefaction. Therefore the difference between the post-earthquake observed and post-earthquake modelled position generally represents shallow ground movement. The difference between the post-earthquake modelled and pre-earthquake observed position generally represents deep-seated movement. The difference between the post-earthquake observed position and pre-earthquake observed position represents total movement due to the earthquakes. **Accuracy** The uncertainty of the coordinate changes is 0.1m at a 95% confidence interval. **Layer Attributes** - nod_id_post_eq: Landonline node id for the latest post-earthquake node (mark) - code_post_eq: Geodetic code for the latest post-earthquake node - name_post_eq: Mark name for the latest post-earthquake node - nod_id_pre_eq: Landonline node id for the pre-earthquake node (mark) - code_pre_eq: Geodetic code for the pre-earthquake node - name_pre_eq: Mark name for the pre-earthquake node - de_mod_obs: East change from modelled post-earthquake to observed post-earthquake position - dn_mod_obs: North change from modelled post-earthquake to observed post-earthquake position - hz_mod_obs: Horizontal change from modelled post-earthquake to observed post-earthquake position - bg_mod_obs: Bearing from modelled post-earthquake to observed post-earthquake position - de_pre_mod: East change from observed pre-earthquake to modelled post-earthquake position - dn_pre_mod: North change from observed pre-earthquake to modelled post-earthquake position - hz_pre_mod: Horizontal change from observed pre-earthquake to modelled post-earthquake position - bg_pre_mod: Bearing from observed pre-earthquake to modelled post-earthquake position - de_pre_obs: East change from observed pre-earthquake to observed post-earthquake position - dn_pre_obs: North change from observed pre-earthquake to observed post-earthquake position - hz_pre_obs: Horizontal change from observed pre-earthquake to observed post-earthquake position - bg_pre_obs: Bearing from observed pre-earthquake to observed post-earthquake position