There are nine soil climate stations located in the McMurdo Sound region of Antarctica that were established starting in 1999 through 2011. Four of the stations are in the Dry Valleys and four are located along the coast. The ninth station is located on Mt. Fleming near the polar plateau. Each climate station measures atmospheric parameters (air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, and solar radiation) and soil parameters (soil moisture and temperature) that extend from the active layer (seasonally thawed layer) into the permafrost. Recorded measurements are made on an hourly basis. At each climate station the soils have been sampled and characterized at the Kellogg Soil Survey Laboratory. There are two borehole stations at Bull Pass and Marble Point which measure ground temperature and are used to study permafrost temperatures and active-layer thermal regimes to a depth of 30m (see associated resource). Further station and borehole details including the instruments' specification, maintenance, and measured variables are described in each site's data "_description" folder. GET DATA: https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/resources/data-and-reports/soil-climate-research-stations

There are two borehole stations located in the McMurdo Sound region of Antarctica. They were set up to study permafrost temperatures and active-layer thermal Regimes to a depth of 30 m (98 ft). Bull Pass Station (-77.51808333, 161.8511667) was established in November of 2005, and is located in the Wright Valley at the base of Bull Pass about 250 m west of the Bull Pass soil climate station, at an elevation of 150 m (492 ft). Marble Point Station (-77.407316, 163.729133) is located on a coastal ridge about 0.75 miles northeast of the Marble Point soil climate station, at an elevation of 85 m (279 ft). The borehole stations monitor ground temperature at depths of 0.3, 0.6, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 25, and 29.5 m. Ground temperatures are measured hourly with averages recorded every six hours. For additional site information and methods refer to https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.715. There are nine soil climate and atmospheric stations at Scott Base, Marble Point, Mount Fleming, Bull Pass, Granite Harbour, Minna Bluff, Victoria Valley, Don Juan Pond and Bull Pass which are collected alongside these borehole data (see associated resource). GET DATA: https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/resources/data-and-reports/soil-climate-research-stations

Aerial reconnaissance and photography are used in the Ross Sea sector of Antarctica to determine the breeding locations of Adélie penguins and to count the numbers of nests occupied during the early incubation period. From 1981 to present (two-year embargo), all islands and sea coasts between 158°E and 175°E have been searched, and 11 previously unreported breeding colonies discovered. The aim is to census Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae) populations to provide basic data against which future population levels can be compared in order to monitor environmental change of the Antarctic Ocean ecosystem, both natural and man-induced. GET DATA: https://datastore.landcareresearch.co.nz/en_AU/dataset/adelie-penguin-census-data