We present 60 years of Δ14CO2 measurements from Wellington, New Zealand (41°S, 175°E). The record has been extended and fully revised. New measurements have been used to evaluate the existing record and to replace original measurements where warranted. This is the earliest atmospheric Δ14CO2 record and records the rise of the 14C “bomb spike”, the subsequent decline in Δ14CO2 as bomb 14C moved throughout the carbon cycle and increasing fossil fuel CO2 emissions further decreased atmospheric Δ14CO2. The initially large seasonal cycle in the 1960s reduces in amplitude and eventually reverses in phase, resulting in a small seasonal cycle of about 2 ‰ in the 2000s. The seasonal cycle at Wellington is dominated by the seasonality of cross-tropopause transport, and differs slightly from that at Cape Grim, Australia, which is influenced by anthropogenic sources in winter. Δ14CO2 at Cape Grim and Wellington show very similar trends, with significant differences only during periods of known measurement uncertainty. In contrast, Northern Hemisphere clean air sites show a higher and earlier bomb 14C peak, consistent with a 1.4-year interhemispheric exchange time. From the 1970s until the early 2000s, the Northern and Southern Hemisphere Δ14CO2 were quite similar, apparently due to the balance of 14C-free fossil fuel CO2 emissions in the north and 14C-depleted ocean upwelling in the south. The Southern Hemisphere sites show a consistent and marked elevation above the Northern Hemisphere sites since the early 2000s, which is most likely due to reduced upwelling of 14C-depleted and carbon-rich deep waters in the Southern Ocean. This developing Δ14CO2 interhemispheric gradient is consistent with recent studies that indicate a reinvigorated Southern Ocean carbon sink since the mid-2000s, and suggests that upwelling of deep waters plays an important role in this change. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14771-2017 Cite as: Turnbull, J. C., Mikaloff Fletcher, S. E., Ansell, I., Brailsford, G. W., Moss, R. C., Norris, M. W., and Steinkamp, K.: Sixty years of radiocarbon dioxide measurements at Wellington, New Zealand: 1954–2014, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 14771–14784, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14771-2017, 2017.

A list of known seismological events compiled from oral and written history, and since the 1930s, from instrumental readings. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21420/tap4-5s59 Cite as: GNS Science. (2022). New Zealand Earthquake Catalogue for the revision of the 2022 National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM) [Data set]. GNS Science. https://doi.org/10.21420/tap4-5s59

The GeoNet earthquake catalogue contains the technical information of all known seismological events. The dataset includes information about the events source parameters such as hypocenter, magnitude, arrival time of seismic phases as well as velocity model used and uncertainties in the parameters. Since the 1930's, earthquakes in the catalogue have been determined by instrumental records. Prior to that, estimates were made from oral and written records. At present, a densified network of weak motion and strong motion sensors is used nationally to monitor events in regions that are affected by large seismic activity and volcanism. Around 20000 events are recorded every year in the catalogue. GeoNet observations and earthquake source parameters are currently used for rapid response, risk assessment and research purposes. Overview of access tools: https://www.geonet.org.nz/data/types/eq_catalogue This dataset is funded through https://www.geonet.org.nz/sponsors DOI: https://doi.org/10.21420/0S8P-TZ38 Cite as: GNS Science. (1970). New Zealand Earthquake Catalogue [Data set]. GNS Science, GeoNet. https://doi.org/10.21420/0S8P-TZ38