Data of apparent ice thickness from airborne electromagnetic (AEM) surveys of fast ice in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, carried out in Nov/Dec 2009, 2011, 2013, 2016, and 2017. Values are given for apparent thicknesses derived from both, in-phase and quadrature signals. The difference between both thicknesses is a scaled measure of sub-ice platelet layer thickness. Data are from east-west transects across McMurdo Sound, at fixed latitudes. Data were smoothed and interpolated onto a regular longitude grid (0.001 degree increments). More information can be found in Haas et al. (2021). Related Publication: Haas, C., Langhorne, P. J., Rack, W., Leonard, G. H., Brett, G. M., Price, D., Beckers, J. F., and Gough, A. J.: Airborne mapping of the sub-ice platelet layer under fast ice in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, The Cryosphere, 15, 247–264, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-247-2021, 2021

Here we analysed 26 years of pigment data (14,824 samples between 32°S and the Antarctic coast) from over 50 voyages (1996 – 2022), using the phytoclass software. The analysis confirms that the Antarctic Polar Front (APF) is a circumpolar phytoplankton class boundary, separating haptophyte dominated communities to the north from diatom domination of chlorophyll a in the south, and thereby a biological analogue corresponding to the Biogeochemical Divide. Further details can be found at : Hayward, A., Pinkerton, M.H., Wright, S.W. et al. Twenty-six years of phytoplankton pigments reveal a circumpolar Class Divide around the Southern Ocean. Commun Earth Environ 5, 92 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01261-6

This metadata record represents meteorological data and in situ and isotopic measurements of the isotopic ratio of water vapor from the ablating ice from two lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Lake ice and water samples (from the surface water and at depth via SCUBA) were collected in vials. Ice samples at Lake Bonney were collected daily, and at Lake Fryxell samples were collected approximately twice per day. Lake ice samples were also collected at Lake Fryxell along three transects spaced approximately every 300 to 500 m (meters) across the lake surface. Water vapor isotope flux measurements were collected via air inlets which were installed at 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 m on the tower using ¼″ OD Teflon tubes. The lines were insulated and continuously pumped at a flow rate of approximately 10 L min−1 using a secondary pump. Meteorological measurements with a Vaisala HMP100 probe for temperature and relative humidity readings and an RM Young wind vane (model 05108) for wind velocity measurements, at heights of 3.0 and 0.5 m. Air temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity, and lake surface temperature measurements were recorded every minute via a Campbell Scientific CR1000 data logger. Spatial Coordinates: Lake Bonney (-77.60672778, 162.44982222) Lake Fryxell (-77.60672778, 163.12508611) Further details are provided at: A. W. Bellagamba, M. Berkelhammer, L. Winslow, P. T. Doran, K. F. Myers, S. Devlin & I. Hawes (2021) The magnitude and climate sensitivity of isotopic fractionation from ablation of Antarctic Dry Valley lakes, Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 53:1, 352-371, https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2021.2001899 GET DATA: https://uofi.app.box.com/s/6vakvltbsn1nhrpzudffclrn5iufpoux/folder/88268262341

The Antarctica New Zealand Adelie Penguin Census Survey takes aerial images with a helicopter of known penguin colonies on Ross Island and across the Victoria Land coastline. These files provide 36 adelie colony locations. The KML and GeoPackage files both include the same 36 colony locations. Note: colony coordinates are missing for Chinstrap Island, Franklin Island East, and Thala Island. Geopackage and KML files were created in QGIS, and the coordinates were later used to create the GeoPDF files which were used for helicopter navigation to the Adelie penguin colonies.

Climate data have been collected at Scott Base continuously since 1 March 1957, and is one of the longest continuous climate records in Antarctica. Climate parameters measured include: wind speed and direction, air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, and global, diffuse and direct solar radiation. Climate data are collected on a daily basis. This takes two forms: a standard daily observation at 0900 NZDT, and continuous data collection at 10 minute and hourly intervals using a CR10X data logger. The initial record of the 0900 daily observations began with air temperature, air pressure, wind speed and direction, and global solar radiation being measured with standard instrumentation (wind measurements since 1972). This record constitutes the reference record. In January 1997 an electronic weather station (EWS) was added to collect and archive 10 minute and hourly data. The daily manual observations continued so as to provide a continuous reference and daily record. A data logger was installed in January 1999 and measured air temperature, relative humidity and global solar radiation using a secondary network sensor, as well as wind speed and direction. A barometric pressure sensor was installed in 2001. A standard 10m mast was installed and all sensors were moved to the new Arrival Heights laboratory in 2007. 10-minute and hourly data are recorded. From February 2019, mercury theremometers and barometers were removed from Scott Base. Where applicable, these were replaced with electronic instruments. A weighing precipitation gauge was also installed in February 2019 for the measurement of solid precipitation. Station coordinates (-77.85, 166.75) Data are retrieved and archived, and made available on New Zealand's national climate database (CLIFLO). GET DATA: https://cliflo.niwa.co.nz/

Measurements of boundary layer concentration of ozone are made with insitu instruments that samples air continuously at Arrival Heights, Antarctica and is part of the NOAA Global Monitoring Surface Ozone Network. Original measurements at Arrival Heights were made with a Dasibi Environmental Corp in situ analyser. This was replaced with a TEI-49c in situ analyser. The TEI-49c is owned by NOAA and operated by NIWA at Arrival Heights until October 2023. In October 2023 operation of the TEI was transferred to the USAP Arrival Heights laboratory along with operational responsibility (between NOAA and USAP). This data set contains continuous UV photometric data of surface level ozone collected at 6m above ground level. Data records consist of UTC time, date, and processed ozone mixing ratio (parts per billion). Data is collected from global locations and is provided in 1 minute and 1 hour averages. Data are archived at the NOAA National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), but are produced and available from NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL). Instrument timeline: - Dasibi 1997-2003 - TEI49c 2003 – October 2023 - TEI49i November 2023 -present at USAP Arrival Heights laboratory GET DATA: https://gml.noaa.gov/aftp/data/ozwv/SurfaceOzone/ARH/

Ocean–atmosphere–sea ice interactions are key to understanding the future of the Southern Ocean and the Antarctic continent. Regional coupled climate–sea ice–ocean models have been developed for several polar regions; however the conservation of heat and mass fluxes between coupled models is often overlooked due to computational difficulties. At regional scale, the non-conservation of water and energy can lead to model drift over multi-year model simulations. Here we present P-SKRIPS version 1, a new version of the SKRIPS coupled model setup for the Ross Sea region. Our development includes a full conservation of heat and mass fluxes transferred between the climate (PWRF) and sea ice–ocean (MITgcm) models. We examine open water, sea ice cover, and ice sheet interfaces. We show the evidence of the flux conservation in the results of a 1-month-long summer and 1-month-long winter test experiment. P-SKRIPS v.1 shows the implications of conserving heat flux over the Terra Nova Bay and Ross Sea polynyas in August 2016, eliminating the mismatch between total flux calculation in PWRF and MITgcm up to 922 W m−2. RELATED PUBLICATION: https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-3355-2023 GET DATA: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7739062

The thicknesses of sea ice and sub-ice platelet layer were measured at regular intervals on fast ice in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica in November and December of 2011. Thirty-metre cross-profiles were established at each site, and snow depths were measured at 0.5 m intervals along the transect lines with a metal ruler. A mean snow depth for each site was derived from these 120 measurements. Freeboard, sea ice thickness and sub-ice platelet layer thickness were recorded at five locations at each site - at the central crossing point and at the end points of each transect. The mean of these was then calculated and taken as representative of the site. Ice thicknesses were measured by using a tape measure with a brass T-anchor attached at the zero mark. This was deployed vertically through the drill-hole and allowed to rotate to a horizontal alignment when exiting the bottom of the drill-hole at the ice-ocean interface. From this position the anchor is slowly pulled upwards until some resistance is met and the first measurement is taken. This resistance is taken to mark the sub-ice platelet layer/ocean interface. The tape measure is then pulled harder, forcing the bar to pass through the sub-ice platelet layer until it sits flush against the sea ice/sub-ice platelet layer interface where a second measurement is taken. Measurement sites were about 5 km apart.

The WWLLN Very Low Frequency (VLF) Radio Sensor was installed at Scott Base in November 2015 by Dr. James Brundell and Ms. Emma Douma as part of Antarctica New Zealand Event K060-1516-A. The sensor measures the electric field in the Very Low Frequency radio range (~500 Hz-50 kHz) and passes it to a PC which processes the data for the experiments. The antenna is located behind the Hatherton lab. It was installed due to increasing manmade electromagnetic noise levels in the "quiet zone" at Arrival Heights. The observations from this antenna are now the primary WWLLN feed from Ross Island, the Arrival Height's magnetic field antenna is now a backup. WWLLN, uses the VLF feed but processes it to detect the radio-wave pulses from lightning. WWLLN observations are sent to a central processing computer to determine the time and location of lightning pulses all over the globe. The World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) is an experimental Very Low Frequency (VLF) network of sensors being developed through collaborations with research institutions across the globe. The network exploits the considerable electromagnetic power radiated by lightning as "sferics" present in the VLF band. By combining radio-pulse observations from at least 5 stations, the WWLLN central processing computers can determine the location of the original lightning discharge. As the radio-pulse observations are immediately sent back across the internet to the central processing computers locations are generated within ~10 s of the discharge, and thus near real time. There are currently about 70 active VLF receiving stations operating in the VLF World-Wide Lightning Location Network, including the Scott Base measurements. WWLLN observations are continuously transmitted to one of the WWLLN primary servers, in this case flash.ess.washington.edu at the University of Washington, Seattle, USA. GET DATA: https://space.physics.otago.ac.nz/aarddvark/

Sea ice temperature (°C) measured across multiple depths at (LATITUDE: -77.792300, LONGITUDE: 166.514900). Related Publication: Richter ME, Leonard GH, Smith IJ, Langhorne PJ, Mahoney AR, Parry M. Accuracy and precision when deriving sea-ice thickness from thermistor strings: a comparison of methods. Journal of Glaciology. 2023;69(276):879-898. doi:10.1017/jog.2022.108 GET DATA: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.880164