**Introduction** This dataset provides a 1 arc minute raster image of the free-air gravity anomalies, which have been downward continued to the ground surface (McCubbine et al, 2017). **Description** Gravity anomalies are differences between measured gravity (from the airborne gravity dataset) and an ellipsoidal model of the Earth’s gravity field (GRS80). Gravity anomalies correspond to un-modelled density variations within the Earth’s crust and upper mantle. They are used to investigate concealed geological structures and for quasigeoid modelling. These free-air anomalies show values which include gravitation impact of the topography. The national airborne gravity dataset is comprised of more than 50,000 linear km of flight observations, covering the three main islands of New Zealand and up to 10km offshore. As the airborne gravity dataset was measured at flight altitude, the observations have been reduced to the ground surface (a process known as downward continuation). The national airborne gravity dataset was collected as a joint project between Land Information New Zealand (LINZ), GNS Science (GNS) and Victoria University of Wellington (VUW). The airborne survey was completed in a total of eight months, over two campaigns: August – October 2013, and February – June 2014. **Users may also be interested other layers created for Bouguer anomalies at ground surface and the along track observations from the gravity flight lines at flight elevation** [NZ Airborne Gravity Bouguer Anomalies at Ground Surface (2013-2014)](https://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/3530) and [NZ Airborne Gravity Flight Lines at Elevation (2013-2014)](https://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/3531). McCubbine, J. Stagpoole, V. Caratori-Tontini, F. Amos, M. Smith, E. and Winefield, R. (2017). Gravity anomaly grids for the New Zealand region. Manuscript submitted for publication New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics.

Sea ice temperature (°C) measured across multiple depths from 20 cm to 207.5 cm at (latitude: -77.775800, longitude: 166.312800): RELATED PUBLICATION: https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2022.108

The national airborne gravity dataset is comprised of more than 50,000 linear km of flight observations, covering the three main islands of New Zealand and up to 10km offshore. This dataset provides a 1 arc minute raster image of the Bouguer anomalies, which have been downward continued to the ground surface (McCubbine et al, 2017). The national airborne gravity dataset was collected as a joint project between Land Information New Zealand (LINZ), GNS Science (GNS) and Victoria University of Wellington (VUW). The airborne survey was completed in a total of eight months, over two campaigns: August – October 2013, and February – June 2014. **Users may also be interested in other layers created for the free-air anomalies at ground surface and the along track observations from the gravity flight lines at flight elevation** [NZ Airborne Gravity Free-Air Anomalies at Ground Surface (2013-2014)](https://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/3532) and [NZ Airborne Gravity Flight Lines at Elevation (2013-2014)](https://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/3531). McCubbine, J. Stagpoole, V. Caratori-Tontini, F. Amos, M. Smith, E. and Winefield, R. (2017). Gravity anomaly grids for the New Zealand region. Manuscript submitted for publication New ZealandJournal of Geology and Geophysics.

Sea ice temperature (°C) measured across multiple depths at (LATITUDE: -77.792300, LONGITUDE: 166.514900). RELATED PUBLICATION: https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2022.108 GET DATA: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.880164

Data provided here have been collected as part of the project "Measurements and Improved Parameterization of the Thermal Conductivity and Heat Flow through First-Year Sea Ice", OPP-0126007* and include measurements of temperature and various ice properties at selected sites in first-year and multiyear sea ice in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica in the years 2002-2004. Data from earlier installations of thermistor chains for measurements of ice temperature carried out by the New Zealand team have also been included. Data files are in Microsoft Excel format, with individual worksheets for specific cores or temperature data sets. Detailed information and comments on data sampling location etc. are provided in the files. Further information on data collection, results etc. can be found in the following publications: Backstrom, L. G. E., and H. Eicken 2007, submitted, Capacitance probe measurements of brine volume and bulk salinity in first-year sea ice, Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. Pringle, D. J., H. Eicken, H. J. Trodahl, and L. G. E. Backstrom 2007, submitted, Thermal conductivity of landfast Antarctic and Arctic sea ice, J. Geophys. Res. Trodahl, H. J., S. O. F. Wilkinson, M. J. McGuinness, and T. G. Haskell 2001, Thermal conductivity of sea ice; dependence on temperature and depth, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1279-1282. Data are in Microsoft Excel format. Abbreviations: AH = Arrival Heights; CH = Camp Haskell (near Delbridge Islands); VUW = Victoria University Wellington; UAF = University Alaska Fairbanks. RELATED PUBLICATION: https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2022.108 GET DATA: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1ooUH9dPvWT66afFC51Cb0JOHg66rn0sy

This dataset provides information about the position, height, height datum, height accuracy, mark name, mark type, condition and unique four letter identifier for geodetic marks that have an authoritative height in terms of a vertical datum. Heights are in datums defined at http://www.linz.govt.nz/geodetic/datums-projections-heights/vertical-datums/. All marks will have positions in terms a 3D New Zealand official geodetic datum. The horizontal positions of marks are provided for approximate location purposes only . This dataset only contains marks that are within the New Zealand mainland and offshore islands. The height data for these marks have been generated using precise levelling from datum tide gauges, or has been acquired by 3rd party sources either as levelling observations or direct heights. The source data is from Land Information New Zealand's (LINZ) Landonline system where it is used by Land Surveyors. This dataset is updated daily to reflect changes made in the Landonline. Accuracy ============ The accuracy of normal-orthometric heights are described by height orders. For more information see http://www.linz.govt.nz/geodetic/datums-projections-heights/heights/height-orders/. Note the accuracy applies at the time the mark was last surveyed - see the geodetic database for historical information about height coordinates.

Sea ice temperature (°C) measured across 11 depths (57 cm, 78.5 cm, 84.5 cm, 87.5 cm, 96.5 cm, 105.5 cm, 108.5 cm, 114.5 cm, 117.5 cm, 120.5 cm, 129.5 cm) at (LATITUDE: -77.781700, LONGITUDE: 166.315300): RELATED PUBLICATION: https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2022.108

This dataset provides information about the position, position accuracy, mark name, mark type, condition and unique four letter code for geodetic marks in terms of New Zealand's official geodetic datum for the Ross Dependency. This dataset only includes marks that are within Antarctica. These positions have been generated using geodetic observations such as precise differential GPS or electronic distance and theodolite angles measurements. The positions are either 2D or 3D depending of the availability of this measurement data. The source data is from Land Information New Zealand's (LINZ) Landonline system where it is used by Land Surveyors. This dataset is updated daily to reflect changes made in the Landonline. Accuracy ============ Geodetic marks with a coordinate order of 5 or less have been positioned in terms of Ross Sea Region Geodetic Datum 2000 (RSRGD2000) using precise differential GPS techniques. Marks with order 6 have been positioned in terms of RSRGD2000 using precise horizontal angles and distance measurements. Lower order marks (order 7 and greater) are derived from lower accuracy measurement techniques or historical datum transformations, and may be significantly less accurate. The accuracy of RSRGD2000 coordinates is described by a series of 'orders' classifications. Positions in terms of RSRGD2000 are described by three-dimensional coordinates (latitude, longitude, ellipsoidal height). The accuracy of a survey mark is indicated by its order. Orders are classifications based on the quality of the coordinate in relation to the datum and in relation to other surrounding marks. For more information see http://www.linz.govt.nz/geodetic/datums-projections-heights/heights/coordinate-orders/ Note that the accuracy applies at the time the mark was last surveyed. Refer to the web geodetic database for historical information about mark coordinates. Note also that the existence of a mark in this dataset does not imply that there is currently a physical mark in the ground - the dataset includes destroyed or lost historical marks. The geodetic database provides more information on the mark status, valid at last time it was visited by LINZ.

This dataset provides information about the survey control network, position, position accuracy, mark name, mark type, condition and unique four letter code for geodetic marks in terms of New Zealand's official geodetic datum, New Zealand Geodetic Datum 2000 (NZGD2000). The dataset only contains marks that are within the New Zealand mainland and offshore islands. These positions have been generated using geodetic observations such as precise differential GPS or electronic distance and theodolite angle measurements. The positions are either 2D or 3D depending of the availability of this measurement data. The source data is from Land Information New Zealand's (LINZ) Landonline system where it is used by Land Surveyors. This dataset is updated daily to reflect changes made in the Landonline. The mark network is segmented into six control networks which provide control marks for specific purposes. The control_network field within this layer records this network with the 3 or 4 letter abbreviation code as follows: NRF - National Reference Frame NDMN - National Deformation Monitoring Network RDMN - Regional Deformation Monitoring Network LDMN - Local Deformation Monitoring Network CHN - Cadastral Horizontal Control Network CVN - Cadastral Vertical Control Network BGN - Basic Geospatial Network NHN - National Height Network Note a geodetic mark can be in more than network. Also not all geodetic marks are currently associated with a geodetic network. Those that are may be referred to as a control mark. For more information about the control networks refer to http://www.linz.govt.nz/geodetic/geodetic-programme/survey-control-networks/. Accuracy ============ Geodetic marks with a coordinate order of 5 or less have been positioned in terms of NZGD2000. Lower order marks (order 6 and greater) are derived from cadastral surveys, lower accuracy measurement techniques or inaccurate historical datum transformations, and may be significantly less accurate. The accuracy of NZGD2000 coordinates is described by a series of 'orders' classifications. Positions in terms of NZGD2000 are described by three-dimensional coordinates (latitude, longitude, ellipsoidal height). The accuracy of a survey mark is indicated by its order. Orders are classifications based on the quality of the coordinate in relation to the datum and in relation to other surrounding marks. For more information see http://www.linz.govt.nz/geodetic/datums-projections-heights/heights/coordinate-orders/ Note that the accuracy applies at the time the mark was last surveyed. Refer to the web geodetic database for historical information about mark coordinates. Note also that the existence of a mark in this dataset does not imply that there is currently a physical mark in the ground - the dataset includes destroyed or lost historical marks. The geodetic database provides more information on the mark status, valid at last time it was visited by LINZ or a maintenance contractor.

These data are described in detail by 'Melting and refreezing in an ice shelf basal channel at the grounding line of the Kamb Ice Stream. ApRES observations were made in December 2019 and repeated in December 2020 at the same locations. Data collection and processing followed the method described in Stewart et al. (2019). ApRES dataset.zip' contains raw ApRES data and processed results from a spatial survey of basal mass balance - detailed in Sections 2.2.4 and 3.2.2 of https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JF006532. GET DATA: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5574647